{"JapanUniversities":{"metaTitle":"了解日本大学｜国公私立·旧帝国大学·东京一工·私立序列·研究型·英语学位","metaDescription":"把日本约800所大学讲清楚：国立/公立/私立的分布与学费差异、旧帝国大学7校、难关国立（东京一工+上位国立）、私立序列（早慶上理·GMARCH·関関同立）、各学科强校、研究型大学（RU11·指定国立法人）、英语学位/国际化（SGU·G30）。不要把原居住国或地区的院校分层框架直接套用于日本。序列与强弱仅供参考，以各校官方与最新排名为准。","kicker":"了解日本大学","title":"了解日本大学：它们是怎么分布的","intro":"在选校之前，宜先厘清日本大学的分布结构。这页不堆教授名单，讲的是常被提起的那几个群组各自意味着什么。","disclaimerLead":"序列与强弱仅供参考——具体以各校官方与最新排名为准","disclaimerBody":"旧帝大、RU11、指定国立、私立群称这些「分组」本身是稳定公认的事实；但「序列/难度/最强」属于一般认知，各学部差异很大，不是定论。偏差值、录取率、学费精确额、排名位次、最新名单等会逐年变化的数字，本页一律不写死，请以各校官方与各排名为准。","tocAria":"本页目录","tocKicker":"大学分布","sectionLabel":"SECTION {num}","officialLabel":"官方","confirmBadge":"待确认","refBadge":"参考","footerRef":"标注「要確認」处（如校名合并、指定国立名单）请以文科省与各校官方最新发布为准；标注「参考」处为一般认知，各排名口径不同。","footerReviewed":"最后核对日：{date}","nextStep":{"heading":"读完之后","schoolLabel":"择校天梯（学校匹配）","schoolDesc":"用刚刚建立的序列与难度地图，从你自己的水平带出发，把冲刺/目标/保底校按层级定位下来。","professorLabel":"教授匹配","professorDesc":"若读大学院，从研究方向出发找导师候选。「跟谁、研究什么」比学校名字更重要、应先确定。","dataLabel":"日本大学库","dataDesc":"把感兴趣的大学逐一用实时数据核对——偏差值帯、G30/英文学位、各学部教员数。"},"sections":{"intro":{"title":"国公私立的分布","intro":"日本约有800所大学，绝大多数是私立。国立、公立、私立是三套并行的体系——不要直接套用原居住国或地区的院校分层。下面先看这三类的基本差异。","fundingLabel":"设立","tuitionLabel":"学费","sectors":{"national":{"tag":"国立","name":"国立大学","funding":"国（2004年法人化为国立大学法人）","tuition":"标准学费相对统一、较低[要確認]","note":"由国家设立、2004年起法人化。学费在全国相对统一且偏低。旧帝大、东京一工等顶尖研究型多在此列。"},"public":{"tag":"公立","name":"公立大学","funding":"都道府县·市等地方公共团体","tuition":"因地区与户籍而异[要確認]","note":"由地方政府设立。学费常因「本地/外地」户籍而不同。多为地区性的中坚大学，定位介于国立与私立之间。"},"private":{"tag":"私立","name":"私立大学","funding":"学校法人","tuition":"因学部差异很大（医·齿尤高）[要確認]","note":"数量上占绝大多数。学费按学部差异极大，医学·齿学等通常最高。早慶上理、GMARCH、関関同立等知名私立都在此列。"}}},"kyutei":{"title":"旧帝国大学（7校）","intro":"战前作为「帝国大学」设立的7所国立大学，研究底蕴深厚，各自是所在地区的顶尖国立。这是日本最稳定、最公认的一组大学群称。","groups":{"formerImperial":{"name":"旧帝国大学","note":"下列7校均为战前帝国大学，如今是各地区的顶尖研究型国立。顺序按地理由北至南，不代表排名。","members":{"hokkaido":"北海道大学","tohoku":"东北大学","tokyo":"东京大学","nagoya":"名古屋大学","kyoto":"京都大学","osaka":"大阪大学","kyushu":"九州大学"}}}},"nankoku":{"title":"难关国立（东京一工+上位国立）","intro":"在旧帝大之外，常被一起提及的还有「东京一工」与若干上位国立。","groups":{"tokyoIkkou":{"name":"东京一工","note":"「东京一工」=东京大学·一桥大学·东京工业大学的合称。东京工业大学已于2024年与东京医科齿科大学合并为「东京科学大学（Institute of Science Tokyo）」——最新校名与英文名以官方为准[要確認]。","members":{"tokyo":"东京大学","hitotsubashi":"一桥大学","scienceTokyo":"东京科学大学（旧 东京工业大学）"}},"upperNational":{"name":"上位国立（举例·非穷尽）","note":"下列仅为常被提及的上位国立举例，并非穷尽，顺序也不代表排名；各校的强项学部各不相同。","members":{"kobe":"神户大学","tsukuba":"筑波大学","yokohamaNational":"横滨国立大学","chiba":"千叶大学","hiroshima":"广岛大学","okayama":"冈山大学"}}}},"shiritsu":{"title":"私立序列（早慶上理·GMARCH·関関同立）","intro":"私立大学里有几组广泛流通的群称，它们是常见的「叫法」。","groups":{"sokeijouri":{"name":"早慶上理","note":"关东地区常被并称的四所知名私立，各校的招牌学部不同。","members":{"waseda":"早稻田大学","keio":"庆应义塾大学","sophia":"上智大学","tokyoRika":"东京理科大学"}},"gmarch":{"name":"GMARCH","note":"关东地区另一组广泛流通的私立群称（取各校首字母）。","members":{"gakushuin":"学习院大学","meiji":"明治大学","aoyama":"青山学院大学","rikkyo":"立教大学","chuo":"中央大学","hosei":"法政大学"}},"kankankuoritsu":{"name":"関関同立","note":"关西地区常被并称的四所知名私立。","members":{"kansai":"关西大学","kwansei":"关西学院大学","doshisha":"同志社大学","ritsumeikan":"立命馆大学"}}}},"gakka":{"title":"各学科的强校","intro":"比起整体「排名」，更实际的是看具体学科。下面按学科举几所常被提到的强校。","uni":{"hitotsubashi":"一桥大学","kobe":"神户大学","yokohamaNational":"横滨国立大学","scienceTokyo":"东京科学大学（旧 东京工业大学）[要確認]","tokyo":"东京大学","kyoto":"京都大学","osaka":"大阪大学","tohoku":"东北大学","waseda":"早稻田大学","keio":"庆应义塾大学","sophia":"上智大学","icu":"国际基督教大学（ICU）"},"subjects":{"economicsCommerce":{"name":"经济·商","note":"各校的招牌专业与培养方向各不相同。"},"engineering":{"name":"工学·理工","note":"工学的强弱按细分领域差别很大，同一所校不同专攻的评价并不一致。"},"medicine":{"name":"医学","note":"旧帝大医学部常被提及；医学部招生与制度各校不同。"},"international":{"name":"国际·英语学位","note":"是否提供全英语项目、入学要求请直接看各校官方。"}}},"kenkyu":{"title":"研究型大学（RU11·指定国立法人）","intro":"若关注科研，可看两组：学术研究恳谈会「RU11」，以及文科省的「指定国立大学法人」制度。这类大学科研经费与院生比例通常较高。","groups":{"ru11":{"name":"RU11（学术研究恳谈会）","note":"RU11是11所研究型大学组成的恳谈会，名单稳定。其中包含旧帝大、东京科学大学（旧 东工大）及早稻田·庆应两所私立。","members":{"hokkaido":"北海道大学","tohoku":"东北大学","tsukuba":"筑波大学","tokyo":"东京大学","waseda":"早稻田大学","keio":"庆应义塾大学","nagoya":"名古屋大学","kyoto":"京都大学","osaka":"大阪大学","kyushu":"九州大学","scienceTokyo":"东京科学大学（旧 东京工业大学）"}},"designatedNational":{"name":"指定国立大学法人","note":"「指定国立大学法人」是文科省的官方制度，面向具备世界顶尖水平潜力的国立大学法人。","deferred":"名单会随制度更新而变化；本页不写死名单，请以文科省官方最新发布为准（见本节下方官方链接）。"}}},"sgu":{"title":"英语学位·国际化（SGU·G30）","intro":"不用日语也能申请的入口主要有两类：文科省的「Super Global University（SGU）」事业，以及以英语授课·英语学位为主的 G30系项目。","pathways":{"superGlobal":{"name":"Super Global University(SGU)","desc":"文科省推动的大学国际化事业，分为面向世界顶尖的「Top 型（牵引世界）」与拉动日本国际化的「牵引型」两类，入选大学在英语项目·留学生支援等方面通常更完善。","note":"入选名单与项目内容会变化，以文科省官方为准[要確認]。"},"g30":{"name":"G30系·英语学位项目","desc":"源自「Global 30」的英语授课·英语学位项目的统称。这类项目允许以英语完成申请与学习，是不依赖日语入学的主要通道之一。","note":"各校开设的专业·入学要求各不相同，请直接查阅各校官方与 JASSO[要確認]。"}}}}},"MeShared":{"avatarFallback":"留","nav":{"portrait":"画像","overview":"主页概览","profile":"画像","exams":"我的考试","career":"就活画像","applications":"申请管理","timeline":"时间线","membership":"会员与初穂","reviews":"评审记录","workbench":"文书","assets":"积累","favorites":"收藏教授","favorite-companies":"收藏企业","favorite-schools":"选校清单","matching":"匹配记录","shamusho":"社務所 · 联系反馈","settings":"账号设置"},"navGroup":{"profile":"资料与进度","output":"产出与收藏","account":"账户"},"tiers":{"anonymous":"未登录","unknown":"档位读取中","free":"Free","standard":"Standard","premium":"Premium"},"prices":{"free":"免费","perMonth":"/ 月"},"matchLimit":{"unlimited":"不限","topN":"Top {count}"},"matchTier":{"basic":"基础","advanced":"进阶"},"tierRows":{"quotaPerMonth":"{count} / 月","reviewDims":"{count}维","match":"{limit} · {tier}"},"profile":{"englishName":"英语","scorePoints":"{score}分","stage":{"senior_hs":"高中在读","vocational":"专门学校在读","undergrad_y1":"本科一年级","undergrad_y2":"本科二年级","undergrad_y3":"本科三年级","undergrad_y4":"本科四年级","master":"硕士在读","phd":"博士在读","working":"已工作","other":"其他"},"schoolTier":{"211":"211（中国）","985":"985（中国）","shuangyiliu_a":"双一流 A（中国）","shuangyiliu_b":"双一流 B（中国）","double_non":"双非院校（中国）","overseas":"其他国家 / 地区院校","other":"中国其他院校"},"inJapan":{"overseas":"尚在日本国外","lang_school":"语言学校","japan_uni":"在日本的大学 / 大学院就读","japan_work":"在日本工作","other":"其他"},"hsStream":{"literature":"文科","science":"理科","mixed":"文理兼修 / 不分科"},"gaps":{"currentStage":"当前学业阶段","school":"就读院校","major":"专业","graduationExpected":"毕业预期","japaneseLevel":"日语水平","targets":"目标院校 / 档位","english":"英语成绩","educationDetail":"学历细节","gpa":"GPA","nationality":"国籍","nativeLang":"母语","inJapan":"在日状态"},"nationality":{"CN":"中国","JP":"日本","KR":"韩国","TW":"台湾（地区）","HK":"香港（地区）","US":"美国","GB":"英国","OTHER":"其他"},"nativeLang":{"zh":"中文（普通话）","ja":"日语","ko":"韩语","yue":"粤语","en":"英语","other":"其他"},"targetTier":{"S":"冲刺档 S","A":"稳妥档 A","B":"把握档 B","C":"保底档 C","D":"备选档 D","E":"兜底档 E"}},"omikuji":{"great":{"level":"大吉","theme":"学业成就","message":"方向已明，按部就班，必有所成。"},"middle":{"level":"中吉","theme":"文昌运","message":"下笔有神，今日适合打磨研究计划书。"},"good":{"level":"吉","theme":"精进","message":"稳扎稳打，多读一篇先行研究。"},"small":{"level":"小吉","theme":"缘","message":"主动联系，或有贵人回信。"},"future":{"level":"末吉","theme":"慎重","message":"勿急于求成，先把画像补全。"}},"lanterns":{"profile":"补全画像","direction":"研究方向","matching":"教授匹配","contact":"联系教授","documents":"文书成稿","interview":"模拟面接","application":"提交出愿"},"omamori":{"gakugyoLabel":"学业守","gakugyoSignal":"画像完成度 {pct}%","gakugyoLore":"保佑学业精进之守——画像写得越全，加护越足。","gakugyoCond":"画像完成度达 80% 点亮 · 当前 {pct}%","gakugyoCta":"去补画像","memberLabel":"会员守","memberSignal":"档位 · {tier}","memberLore":"入社即授的会员之证，长伴参拜之路。","memberCond":"恒常点亮 · 当前 {tier}","memberCondPro":"金辉常明 · 已是最高档位","memberCta":"查看会员","enmusubiLabel":"结缘守","enmusubiSignal":"收藏教授 {count} 位","enmusubiLore":"结良缘之守——愿你与对的教授相遇。","enmusubiCond":"收藏第 1 位教授即点亮 · 当前 {count} 位","enmusubiCta":"看收藏教授","bununLabel":"文运守","bununSignal":"文书 {docs} · 评审 {reviews}","bununLore":"文运昌隆之守——笔下有神，文书自成。","bununCond":"存下第 1 份文书或评审即点亮","bununCta":"打开文书工房","goukakuLabel":"合格守","goukakuSignal":"提交出愿 {count} 校","goukakuLore":"合格祈愿之守——愿出愿一路顺遂。","goukakuCond":"提交第 1 份出愿即点亮 · 当前 {count} 校","goukakuCta":"看申请管理","kachiLabel":"胜守","kachiSignal":"模拟面接 {count} 场","kachiLore":"胜运之守——上场前求一分底气。","kachiCond":"完成第 1 场模拟面接即点亮 · 当前 {count} 场","kachiCta":"去模拟面接","shusseLabel":"出世守","shusseSignal":"收藏企业 {count} 社","shusseLore":"出世开运之守——愿职涯步步高升。","shusseCond":"收藏第 1 家企业即点亮 · 当前 {count} 社","shusseCta":"看收藏企业","flipBack":"翻回御守正面"},"jobLanterns":{"profile":"就活画像","selfAnalysis":"自我分析","materials":"素材库","industry":"业界·职种","company":"企业研究","es":"ES 作成","interview":"面接对策","offer":"内定"}},"WorkbenchTierCard":{"defaultTitle":"当前等级","fallback":{"statusUnavailable":"会员/初穂状态暂不可确认。为避免误扣或误放行，生成能力暂时关闭。","loadingAccount":"正在读取账号信息","loginPrompt":"未登录：可以浏览免费指导内容，但不能启动真实生成。"},"dims":"{n}维","reviewMode":{"full":"完整8维评审","basic":"基础5维评审"},"match":{"advanced":"高级","basic":"基础"},"priorityQueue":{"on":"含优先支持","off":"不含"},"interviewSim":{"on":"含预约资格","off":"不含"},"remaining":"{n}次","labels":{"reviewDims":"评审维度","reviewMode":"评审方式","match":"教授匹配","priorityQueue":"优先支持","interviewSim":"模拟面试"}}}