EXAM QUICK REFERENCE

Fundamental IT Engineer (FE) exam quick reference

Section A builds breadth; Section B tests whether you can carry algorithms and security reasoning through to the end. Sixteen chapters separate shared concepts from section-specific solving moves.

Follows the current IPA FE Syllabus v9.2 and Sections A/B; excludes the proposed 2027 format.

Chapters: 16
Reference items: 96
Questions: 244
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QUICK REFERENCE

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Showing 84 items

Discrete mathematics and complexity

001計算量computational complexityEssential

Core note: The growth rate of an algorithm's time or space requirements as input size increases.
Exam area: Discrete mathematics and complexity
Decision focus: Compare growth orders without being distracted by constants.

002集合・論理演算sets and Boolean operationsEssential

Core note: Uses set relations and Boolean operations to make conditions precise.
Exam area: Discrete mathematics and complexity
Decision focus: Compare growth orders without being distracted by constants.

003基数変換radix conversionEssential

Core note: Converts numeric representations among binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal.
Exam area: Discrete mathematics and complexity
Decision focus: Compare growth orders without being distracted by constants.

004有限オートマトンfinite automatonFrequent

Core note: Models behavior with a finite set of states and input-driven transitions.
Exam area: Discrete mathematics and complexity
Decision focus: Compare growth orders without being distracted by constants.

005確率・期待値probability and expected valueEssential

Core note: Weights outcomes by probability to estimate long-run averages or risk.
Exam area: Discrete mathematics and complexity
Decision focus: Compare growth orders without being distracted by constants.

006グラフ・木graphs and treesFrequent

Core note: A graph represents vertices and edges; a tree is a hierarchical acyclic graph.
Exam area: Discrete mathematics and complexity
Decision focus: Compare growth orders without being distracted by constants.

Data structures

007スタックstackEssential

Core note: A data structure that processes elements last-in, first-out.
Exam area: Data structures
Decision focus: Choose a structure from the operations required.

008キューqueueEssential

Core note: A data structure that normally processes elements first-in, first-out.
Exam area: Data structures
Decision focus: Choose a structure from the operations required.

009配列・リストarrays and listsFrequent

Core note: Arrays favor indexed access; lists favor flexible insertion and deletion.
Exam area: Data structures
Decision focus: Choose a structure from the operations required.

010連結リストlinked listFrequent

Core note: Organizes elements through nodes that store data and references to other nodes.
Exam area: Data structures
Decision focus: Choose a structure from the operations required.

011二分木binary treeEssential

Core note: A tree whose nodes have at most two children, often used for search and expression processing.
Exam area: Data structures
Decision focus: Choose a structure from the operations required.

012ハッシュ表hash tableFrequent

Core note: Maps keys to storage locations with a hash function and handles collisions.
Exam area: Data structures
Decision focus: Choose a structure from the operations required.

Algorithms and program tracing

013二分探索binary searchEssential

Core note: A search that repeatedly halves a sorted range to locate a target.
Exam area: Algorithms and program tracing
Decision focus: Record boundaries and variables on every iteration.

014再帰recursionFrequent

Core note: A process that calls itself directly or indirectly and stops at a base condition.
Exam area: Algorithms and program tracing
Decision focus: Record boundaries and variables on every iteration.

015線形探索linear searchFrequent

Core note: Checks elements sequentially and does not require sorted data.
Exam area: Algorithms and program tracing
Decision focus: Record boundaries and variables on every iteration.

016整列アルゴリズムsorting algorithmsEssential

Core note: Reorders data; comparison, swap, and space costs differ by algorithm.
Exam area: Algorithms and program tracing
Decision focus: Record boundaries and variables on every iteration.

017分割統治法divide and conquerFrequent

Core note: Splits a problem into smaller subproblems, solves them, and combines the results.
Exam area: Algorithms and program tracing
Decision focus: Record boundaries and variables on every iteration.

018貪欲法・動的計画法greedy and dynamic programmingFrequent

Core note: Greedy methods choose a local best; dynamic programming stores subproblem results.
Exam area: Algorithms and program tracing
Decision focus: Record boundaries and variables on every iteration.

Computer architecture

019CPU・パイプラインCPU and pipeliningEssential

Core note: Overlaps instruction stages to improve throughput.
Exam area: Computer architecture
Decision focus: Normalize clock and units before performance calculations.

020キャッシュメモリcache memoryFrequent

Core note: Uses locality to keep frequently accessed data close to the CPU.
Exam area: Computer architecture
Decision focus: Normalize clock and units before performance calculations.

021記憶階層memory hierarchyFrequent

Core note: Memory closer to the CPU is generally faster, smaller, and more expensive per unit.
Exam area: Computer architecture
Decision focus: Normalize clock and units before performance calculations.

022RAIDEssential

Core note: Combines disks for performance, capacity, or fault tolerance, with behavior varying by level.
Exam area: Computer architecture
Decision focus: Normalize clock and units before performance calculations.

023論理回路logic circuitsFrequent

Core note: Combines logic gates to implement arithmetic, selection, storage, and other digital functions.
Exam area: Computer architecture
Decision focus: Normalize clock and units before performance calculations.

024割込み・DMAinterrupts and DMAFrequent

Core note: Interrupts notify the CPU; DMA transfers data with less CPU involvement.
Exam area: Computer architecture
Decision focus: Normalize clock and units before performance calculations.

Operating systems and concurrency

025プロセス／スレッドprocess / threadEssential

Core note: A process is a resource container for a running program; a thread is an execution flow within it.
Exam area: Operating systems and concurrency
Decision focus: Separate resource containers from execution units.

026仮想記憶virtual memoryFrequent

Core note: A mechanism mapping a logical address space to main and secondary storage.
Exam area: Operating systems and concurrency
Decision focus: Separate resource containers from execution units.

027スケジューリングprocess schedulingFrequent

Core note: Determines which ready task receives the CPU and balances response, turnaround, and fairness.
Exam area: Operating systems and concurrency
Decision focus: Separate resource containers from execution units.

028排他制御・セマフォmutual exclusion and semaphoresEssential

Core note: Controls concurrent access to shared resources to prevent races and corruption.
Exam area: Operating systems and concurrency
Decision focus: Separate resource containers from execution units.

029デッドロックdeadlockEssential

Core note: A state where processes wait on resources held by one another and none can proceed.
Exam area: Operating systems and concurrency
Decision focus: Separate resource containers from execution units.

030ファイルシステムfile systemFrequent

Core note: Manages files, directories, placement, permissions, and free space.
Exam area: Operating systems and concurrency
Decision focus: Separate resource containers from execution units.

System architecture and performance

031信頼性・可用性reliability and availabilityEssential

Core note: Reliability concerns failure-free operation; availability concerns being usable when needed.
Exam area: System architecture and performance
Decision focus: Identify series or parallel structure before calculating reliability.

032スループット・応答時間throughput and response timeFrequent

Core note: Throughput measures work per time; response time measures delay for one request.
Exam area: System architecture and performance
Decision focus: Identify series or parallel structure before calculating reliability.

033負荷分散load balancingFrequent

Core note: Distributes requests across nodes to reduce hotspots and improve scalability.
Exam area: System architecture and performance
Decision focus: Identify series or parallel structure before calculating reliability.

034冗長化・フェールオーバredundancy and failoverEssential

Core note: Provides standby components and switches to them when the primary fails.
Exam area: System architecture and performance
Decision focus: Identify series or parallel structure before calculating reliability.

035キャパシティプランニングcapacity planningFrequent

Core note: Plans compute, storage, and network resources from current load and growth forecasts.
Exam area: System architecture and performance
Decision focus: Identify series or parallel structure before calculating reliability.

036クライアントサーバシステムclient-server systemFrequent

Core note: Clients request services and servers provide centralized data or processing.
Exam area: System architecture and performance
Decision focus: Identify series or parallel structure before calculating reliability.

Databases

037ACID特性ACID propertiesEssential

Core note: Atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability of transactions.
Exam area: Databases
Decision focus: Write intermediate relations before judging a query result.

038結合SQL joinEssential

Core note: An operation that combines rows from multiple tables under a condition.
Exam area: Databases
Decision focus: Write intermediate relations before judging a query result.

039正規化database normalizationEssential

Core note: Decomposes tables by dependencies to reduce redundancy and update anomalies.
Exam area: Databases
Decision focus: Write intermediate relations before judging a query result.

040インデックスdatabase indexFrequent

Core note: Speeds queries with an extra structure at the cost of space and update overhead.
Exam area: Databases
Decision focus: Write intermediate relations before judging a query result.

041ロック・分離レベルlocks and isolation levelsEssential

Core note: Controls concurrent reads and writes, balancing consistency and concurrency.
Exam area: Databases
Decision focus: Write intermediate relations before judging a query result.

042バックアップ・回復backup and recoveryFrequent

Core note: Uses backups, logs, and checkpoints to restore a consistent database state.
Exam area: Databases
Decision focus: Write intermediate relations before judging a query result.

Networks

043サブネットsubnetEssential

Core note: A network range formed by partitioning IP address space with a prefix length.
Exam area: Networks
Decision focus: Write network and host portions separately.

044OSI基本参照モデル・TCP/IPOSI model and TCP/IPEssential

Core note: Organizes protocols by layer to locate transport, network, and application responsibilities.
Exam area: Networks
Decision focus: Write network and host portions separately.

045ルーティングroutingEssential

Core note: Selects the next hop toward a destination using routing tables and metrics.
Exam area: Networks
Decision focus: Write network and host portions separately.

046DNS・DHCPDNS and DHCPFrequent

Core note: DNS resolves names; DHCP automatically supplies network configuration.
Exam area: Networks
Decision focus: Write network and host portions separately.

047TCP・UDPTCP 提供面向连接的可靠传输；UDP 开销较小但不保证到达和顺序。Frequent

Core note: core
Exam area: Networks
Decision focus: Write network and host portions separately.

048HTTP・TLSHTTP and TLSFrequent

Core note: HTTP carries web data; TLS provides server authentication, confidentiality, and integrity.
Exam area: Networks
Decision focus: Write network and host portions separately.

Security

049公開鍵暗号public-key cryptographyEssential

Core note: Cryptography using a related but different public and private key pair for operations such as encryption and decryption.
Exam area: Security
Decision focus: Keep signatures, encryption, and hashes conceptually separate.

050ディジタル署名digital signatureEssential

Core note: A signature algorithm creates a signature with a private key, and verification uses the corresponding public key to check integrity and the key relationship.
Exam area: Security
Decision focus: Keep signatures, encryption, and hashes conceptually separate.

051脆弱性vulnerabilityEssential

Core note: A weakness that a threat may exploit to cause an adverse effect.
Exam area: Security
Decision focus: Keep signatures, encryption, and hashes conceptually separate.

052ハッシュ・メッセージ認証コードhashes and message authentication codesEssential

Core note: A hash detects changes; a MAC also uses a shared key to authenticate source and integrity.
Exam area: Security
Decision focus: Keep signatures, encryption, and hashes conceptually separate.

053PKI・ディジタル証明書PKI and digital certificatesEssential

Core note: A certificate binds a public key to an identity; PKI manages issuance, validation, and revocation.
Exam area: Security
Decision focus: Keep signatures, encryption, and hashes conceptually separate.

054認証・認可・アクセス制御authentication, authorization, and access controlEssential

Core note: Authentication establishes identity, authorization decides permissions, and access control enforces them.
Exam area: Security
Decision focus: Keep signatures, encryption, and hashes conceptually separate.

Software design and testing

055UMLUnified Modeling LanguageFrequent

Core note: A modeling language using standardized diagrams to express software structure and behavior.
Exam area: Software design and testing
Decision focus: Choose a diagram from the relationship being modeled.

056単体テストunit testingFrequent

Core note: Testing that verifies the behavior of the smallest testable units of a program.
Exam area: Software design and testing
Decision focus: Choose a diagram from the relationship being modeled.

057凝集度・結合度cohesion and couplingEssential

Core note: Good modular design generally favors high cohesion and low coupling.
Exam area: Software design and testing
Decision focus: Choose a diagram from the relationship being modeled.

058デザインパターンdesign patternsFrequent

Core note: A reusable arrangement of structures and roles for recurring software-design problems.
Exam area: Software design and testing
Decision focus: Choose a diagram from the relationship being modeled.

059ブラックボックス・ホワイトボックステストblack-box and white-box testingFrequent

Core note: Black-box tests derive from specifications; white-box tests derive from internal logic and coverage.
Exam area: Software design and testing
Decision focus: Choose a diagram from the relationship being modeled.

060継続的インテグレーション・コードレビューcontinuous integration and code reviewFrequent

Core note: Continuous integration frequently merges and validates changes; code review adds human inspection.
Exam area: Software design and testing
Decision focus: Choose a diagram from the relationship being modeled.

Project and service management

061クリティカルパスcritical pathFrequent

Core note: The activity path that determines the shortest project duration and typically has zero total float.
Exam area: Project and service management
Decision focus: Recalculate project duration when the critical path changes.

062WBSwork breakdown structureEssential

Core note: Breaks deliverables into work units that can be estimated, assigned, and managed.
Exam area: Project and service management
Decision focus: Recalculate project duration when the critical path changes.

063EVMearned value managementFrequent

Core note: Compares planned value, earned value, and actual cost to assess schedule and cost variance.
Exam area: Project and service management
Decision focus: Recalculate project duration when the critical path changes.

064インシデント管理・問題管理incident and problem managementEssential

Core note: Incident management restores service; problem management addresses root cause.
Exam area: Project and service management
Decision focus: Recalculate project duration when the critical path changes.

065SLAservice level agreementFrequent

Core note: An agreement between provider and customer on service measures such as availability and response.
Exam area: Project and service management
Decision focus: Recalculate project duration when the critical path changes.

066システム監査system auditFrequent

Core note: Independently evaluates controls and recommends improvements without operating controls for the auditee.
Exam area: Project and service management
Decision focus: Recalculate project duration when the critical path changes.

Business and law

067BPR・ERPBPR and ERPEssential

Core note: BPR radically redesigns processes; ERP integrates core business resources.
Exam area: Business and law
Decision focus: Identify actor, object, and purpose even in concept questions.

068SWOT・PPMSWOT and PPMFrequent

Core note: SWOT analyzes internal and external conditions; PPM guides portfolio allocation.
Exam area: Business and law
Decision focus: Identify actor, object, and purpose even in concept questions.

069財務諸表・損益分岐点financial statements and break-evenEssential

Core note: Uses income, balance-sheet, and cash-flow information and computes break-even from cost structure.
Exam area: Business and law
Decision focus: Identify actor, object, and purpose even in concept questions.

070知的財産権intellectual property rightsFrequent

Core note: Includes copyright, patents, trademarks, and other rights with different subjects and formation rules.
Exam area: Business and law
Decision focus: Identify actor, object, and purpose even in concept questions.

071個人情報・サイバーセキュリティ法制privacy and cybersecurity lawFrequent

Core note: Distinguishes privacy handling, unauthorized access, and organizational security duties by conduct.
Exam area: Business and law
Decision focus: Identify actor, object, and purpose even in concept questions.

072調達・RFPprocurement and RFPFrequent

Core note: An RFP is a procurement document that states requirements and requests vendor proposals.
Exam area: Business and law
Decision focus: Identify actor, object, and purpose even in concept questions.

Data, AI, and digital transformation

073教師あり学習・教師なし学習supervised and unsupervised learningEssential

Core note: Supervised learning uses labeled data; unsupervised learning finds structure in unlabeled data.
Exam area: Data, AI, and digital transformation
Decision focus: Distinguish model training, inference, and evaluation.

074過学習・評価指標overfitting and evaluation metricsEssential

Core note: Overfitting performs well on training data but generalizes poorly; metrics must fit the task.
Exam area: Data, AI, and digital transformation
Decision focus: Distinguish model training, inference, and evaluation.

075回帰・分類regression and classificationFrequent

Core note: Regression predicts continuous values; classification predicts discrete categories.
Exam area: Data, AI, and digital transformation
Decision focus: Distinguish model training, inference, and evaluation.

076データクレンジング・標準化data cleaning and standardizationFrequent

Core note: Handles missing, duplicate, anomalous, and inconsistent data and aligns scales for analysis.
Exam area: Data, AI, and digital transformation
Decision focus: Distinguish model training, inference, and evaluation.

077生成AIgenerative AIFrequent

Core note: Generates text, images, code, and other content; outputs and usage conditions require verification.
Exam area: Data, AI, and digital transformation
Decision focus: Distinguish model training, inference, and evaluation.

078DX・IoTdigital transformation and IoTFrequent

Core note: IoT connects devices and data; DX transforms operations and value delivery with digital technology.
Exam area: Data, AI, and digital transformation
Decision focus: Distinguish model training, inference, and evaluation.

Development process and operations

079ウォーターフォール・アジャイルwaterfall and agile developmentEssential

Core note: Waterfall proceeds by sequential phases; agile uses short iterations and feedback.
Exam area: Development process and operations
Decision focus: Look at the feedback cycle, not only the method name.

080バージョン管理version controlFrequent

Core note: Tracks file history and supports branching, merging, and restoration.
Exam area: Development process and operations
Decision focus: Look at the feedback cycle, not only the method name.

081CI/CDcontinuous integration and deliveryEssential

Core note: Automates build, test, and delivery to improve change frequency and repeatability.
Exam area: Development process and operations
Decision focus: Look at the feedback cycle, not only the method name.

082DevOps・SREDevOps and site reliability engineeringFrequent

Core note: DevOps emphasizes collaboration; SRE manages reliability with engineering methods and service objectives.
Exam area: Development process and operations
Decision focus: Look at the feedback cycle, not only the method name.

083コンテナ・仮想化containers and virtualizationFrequent

Core note: Virtual machines include guest operating systems; containers share the host kernel while isolating processes.
Exam area: Development process and operations
Decision focus: Look at the feedback cycle, not only the method name.

084変更管理・リリース管理change and release managementFrequent

Core note: Change management assesses and approves modifications; release management controls deployment.
Exam area: Development process and operations
Decision focus: Look at the feedback cycle, not only the method name.