EXAM QUICK REFERENCE

EJU Japan and the World exam quick reference

This subject tests basic understanding of contemporary society and logical judgment, not volume of memorization. Chapters 1–16 map strictly onto the syllabus's three parts, chapter 17 handles this subject's real difficulty — figures and options — and chapter 18 covers institution names, era names, and katakana place names.

Organized strictly by the three parts of JASSO's 2026 syllabus; official items are not copied, and current affairs appear only where they bear directly on institutions.

Exam time: 80 minutes
Parts: 3 parts
Answer language: Japanese or English
Questions: 50

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QUICK REFERENCE

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Showing 6 items

How the market works

001希少性と機会費用scarcity and opportunity costEssential

Core note: Limited resources against unlimited wants mean every choice carries the value of the best alternative forgone.
Exam area: How the market works
Decision focus: Market failure is the rationale for government intervention.

002需要と供給demand and supplyEssential

Core note: As price rises demand falls and supply rises; the equilibrium price is where they meet.
Exam area: How the market works
Decision focus: Market failure is the rationale for government intervention.

003価格の自動調節機能the price mechanismEssential

Core note: Adam Smith's invisible hand: price movements steer the allocation of resources.
Exam area: How the market works
Decision focus: Market failure is the rationale for government intervention.

004市場の失敗market failureEssential

Core note: Public goods, externalities, asymmetric information, and monopoly prevent efficient allocation.
Exam area: How the market works
Decision focus: Market failure is the rationale for government intervention.

005独占・寡占と独占禁止法monopoly, oligopoly, and antitrustFrequent

Core note: When few firms dominate, prices turn downwardly rigid; Japan's Fair Trade Commission enforces the Antimonopoly Act.
Exam area: How the market works
Decision focus: Market failure is the rationale for government intervention.

006資本主義の発展the development of capitalismEssential

Core note: From laissez-faire through the Depression to the mixed economy, then neoliberalism and its reappraisal.
Exam area: How the market works
Decision focus: Market failure is the rationale for government intervention.