grasping the main point
主旨の把握
What this method solves
In expository prose the main point usually sits at the end of the first paragraph or in the last, with the middle carrying the argument.
How to use it
- 01
Read the first and last paragraphs first.
- 02
Locate the connectives that signal summation.
- 03
Summarize in one sentence before looking at the options.
While answering
What follows つまり, このように, or 要するに is usually the thesis and serves as a marker.
the role of each paragraph
段落の役割
What this method solves
Each paragraph plays one role — introduction, example, counterargument, or summary — and identifying it beats parsing every sentence.
How to use it
- 01
Write a one-word label for each paragraph's function.
- 02
Decide whether the paragraph continues or reverses the previous one.
- 03
Place it within the argument as a whole.
While answering
Items asking what a paragraph does depend on its relation to the neighbors, not on its own content.
passages with figures
図表つき文章
What this method solves
Some reading passages come with figures, requiring you to move back and forth between text and data.
How to use it
- 01
Read the figure's title, units, and years first.
- 02
Find the sentence in the text that interprets the figure.
- 03
Check whether each option's numerical claim holds.
While answering
Read the figure's title and units first, or you will confuse an upward trend with a high level.